Pehea e pale ai i ka ʻōpala a me ka ʻino ma luna o ka hale kila

Hale ʻenekinia hale kilaʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka papahana ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka 21st century, he nui nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hale kila e like me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka hiki ke hoʻouka ikaika, ke kaumaha māmā, ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahi i noho ʻia, ka hana maʻalahi a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā ʻāpana, mālama i ka lāʻau, a pēlā aku. ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hale ʻoihana a me nā hale kīwila. ʻO nā hale kiʻi kila a me nā hale kūʻai kila kila ma nā wahi āpau.

Me ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana, ʻike ʻia ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ke kila a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi ʻole i ka ʻōpala a me ka corrosion a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ma nā wahi kahakai a ua lilo ka ʻoihana kemika i pilikia koʻikoʻi!

ʻAʻole wale ke kumu o ka pōʻino o ka hale kila, akā, lawe pū kekahi i ka pōʻino huna i ka palekana o ka hale, a ʻo nā pōʻino ʻenekinia i hana ʻia e ka ʻino kila he mea maʻamau, no laila ʻo ka mālama anti-corrosion o ka hale kila (ʻoi aku ka lahilahi o nā ʻāpana kila). no ka waiwai nui a me ka pilikanaka, a eia kekahi mau hoolauna a me na kūkākūkā e pili ana i na pilikia i loaa ma ka hana ana a me kekahi mau hana lapaau.

1. ʻO nā kumu nui o ka corrosion o nā hale kila

Hoʻomaka ka pale ʻana i ka ʻino kila me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā kumu o ka ʻino kila.

1.1 ʻAi ʻino o ke kila ma ka lumi wela (ma lalo o 100°C)

ʻO ka corrosion o ke kila ma ka lumi wela ka nui o ka electrochemical corrosion. Hoʻohana ʻia nā hale kila i ka lewa ma ka lumi wela, a ua ʻino ʻia ke kila e ka hana o ka makū, ka oxygen a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe (ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe welding slag, ka lepo lepo, ka lepo lepo) i ka lewa. ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka lewa ma lalo o 60%, he liʻiliʻi loa ka corrosion o ke kila; akā, i ka piʻi ʻana o ka haʻahaʻa pili i kekahi waiwai, piʻi koke ka pōʻino o ke kila, a ua kapa ʻia kēia waiwai ʻo ka haʻahaʻa koʻikoʻi. Ma ka lumi wela, ka nui kila koʻikoʻi humidity o 60% a 70%.

Ke hoʻohaumia ʻia ka ea a i ʻole ka paʻakai ma ka lewa ma nā wahi kahakai, haʻahaʻa loa ka haʻahaʻa koʻikoʻi, maʻalahi ka ʻili kila e hana i kahi kiʻi wai. I keia manawa, welding slag a me ka untreated rust papa (iron oxide) e like me ka cathode, kila hale 'āpana (mea kumu) e like me ka anode i loko o ka wai kiʻiʻoniʻoni electrochemical corrosion. ʻO ka makū o ka lewa i hoʻopili ʻia ma ka ʻili kila e hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni wai ka mea e hoʻoholo ai no ka ʻino kila; ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka lewa a me ka ʻike o nā mea haumia he mau mea koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka corrosion o ka lewa.

1.2 ʻO ke kila kila ma ke ana wela (ma luna o 100 ℃)

ʻO ka corrosion o ke kila ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka corrosion kemika. I ka wela kiʻekiʻe, aia ka wai i loko o kahi kūlana kinoea, liʻiliʻi loa ka hopena electrochemical, hoʻemi ʻia i kahi kumu lua. Metala a maloʻo kinoea (e like me O2, H2S, SO2, Cl2, etc.) pili, ka ili o ka ili o na mea e pili ana (chlorides, sulfides, oxides), ke kukulu ana i kemika corrosion o ke kila.

2 Nā ʻano o ka pale ʻana i ka ʻino o nā hale kila

E like me ke kumu electrochemical o ke kila corrosion, ʻoiai ke pale ʻia a hoʻopau ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka puʻupuʻu corrosion a i ʻole nā ​​​​kaʻina cathodic a me nā anodic i kāohi ikaika ʻia, hiki ke pale ʻia ka corrosion o ke kila. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano pale pale e pale ai i ka corrosion o ka hale kila he ʻano maʻamau i kēia manawa, ʻo ka papa pale maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia mau ʻano:

2.1 Papa pale metala: ʻO ka papa pale metala he mea metala a i ʻole me ka hopena pale cathodic a anodic paha, ma o ka electroplating, spray plating, chemical plating, hot plating a me seepage plating a me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe, pono e pale i ka ʻili metala e hana i kahi papa pale metala (kiʻiʻoniʻoni) e hoʻokaʻawale i ka metala mai ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e pili ana i ka mea ʻino, a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hopena pale electrochemical o ka pale metala, i mea e pale ai i ka corrosion.

2.2 Papa pale: ma o na hana kemika a electrochemical paha e hana ai i ka ili kila e hooulu i ke ki'i huihue ku e i ka corrosion, i mea e kaawale ai i ke kino kino a me ka hoopili metala, e pale ai i ka corrosion o ka metala.

2.3 ʻO ka pale pale non-metala: me nā pena, plastics, enamel a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ma o ka pena ʻana a me ka pīpī ʻana a me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe, e hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale ma ka ʻili o ka metala, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka metala a me ka media corrosive, i mea e pale ai i ka ʻino o ka metala. .

3. Steel ili lapaʻau

ʻO ka hana kila i ka hale hana ma mua, e hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana me ka aila, ka wai, ka lepo a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe, a me ke alo o nā burrs, iron oxide, rust layer a me nā hemahema ʻē aʻe. Mai nā kumu nui ma mua o ka corrosion o ka hale kila, ʻike mākou he mea koʻikoʻi ka ʻike o nā mea haumia e pili ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka corrosion o ka lewa, a e hoʻopilikia nui nā mea haumia i ka adhesion o nā uhi ma ka ʻili o ke kila, a hana i ka pena. ʻO ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma lalo o ka corrosion e hoʻomau i ka hoʻonui ʻana, ka hopena i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka uhi ʻana a i ʻole ka pōʻino, hiki ʻole ke hoʻokō i ka hopena pale i makemake ʻia. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ke kila ma ka hopena pale o ka uhi a me ke ola o ka hopena, i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka nui o ka uhi ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hana i ka hopena o nā ʻano aʻe:

3.1. No nā ʻāpana lawe ukana paʻakikī ke hoʻoponopono ʻia i ka wā lawelawe, pono e hoʻonui ʻia ka pae descaling i kūpono.

3.2. Ma mua a ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, pono e hoʻopau pono ʻia ka momona, burr, ka ʻili lāʻau lapaʻau, ka pāpaʻi a me ka hao hao.

3.3. ʻo ka ʻae ʻana i ka maikaʻi o nā hana descaling a me nā hana pena e like me nā lula.

4.Ati-corrosion uhi

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā pale anti-corrosion me ka primer a me ka lole luna. Primer i loko o ka pauda oi, emi kumu mea, kiʻiʻoniʻoni 'oʻoleʻa, ka hana o ka primer mea e hana i ka pena kiʻiʻoniʻoni me ka mauʻu-aʻa pae a me ka topcoat hui 'ana o ka paa, 'o ia hoʻi, i ka maikai adhesion; ʻO ka primer he corrosion inhibiting pigments, hiki ke pale i ka hiki ʻana mai o ka corrosion, a hiki i kekahi ke lilo i ka passivation o ka metala a me ka pale electrochemical e pale ai i ka metala mai ka pala. ʻO ka topcoat ka liʻiliʻi o ka pauka, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kumu, ma hope o ka ʻālohilohi o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ʻo ka hana nui ka pale ʻana i ka papa haʻahaʻa o ka primer, no laila pono ʻole ia i ka lewa a me ka haʻahaʻa, a hiki iā ia ke pale aku i ke kino a me ka decomposition kemika. ma muli o ka ʻino. ʻO ke ʻano o kēia manawa ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā resins synthetic e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kū kūʻē ʻana o ke ʻano. ʻO nā pale anti-corrosion me ke kū ʻana o ka lewa ke kū kūʻē wale nō i ka ʻino o ka ʻāhu ma ka lewa. No nā wahi i hoʻopōʻino ʻia e nā ʻakika a me nā alkalis a me nā media ʻē aʻe, pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kūpaʻa a me ka alkali.

ʻO ka pena anti-corrosion e like me ka hana pale hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka primer, ka pena waena a me ka lole luna, kēlā me kēia papa o ka pena i kona mau hiʻohiʻona ponoʻī, ʻo kēlā me kēia kuleana no kāna kuleana ponoʻī, ka hui ʻana o nā papa, ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi uhi hoʻohui i hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana anti-corrosion, hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola lawelawe.

4.1 mau kumu mua

ʻO ka papa kumu mua i hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā pale anti-corrosion he zinc-rich primer a me ka epoxy iron-red primer, ʻo ka pena waiwai zinc i haku ʻia me ka nui o ka pauka zinc micro-fine a me kahi mea liʻiliʻi o nā mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā waiwai electrochemical o Zinc ma mua o ke kila, a i ka wā i hoʻopili ʻia i ka corrosion, loaʻa iā ia ka hopena "hoʻohaʻahaʻa ponoʻī", i pale ʻia ke kila. Hoʻopiha ka zinc oxide i nā pores a hoʻomāhuahua i ka uhi. ʻEkolu mau ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka zinc-rich primer:

(1) wai aniani wai inorganic zinc-waiwai primer, he aniani wai ma ke ano he kumu kumu, e hoʻohui i ka zinc pauka, ka hui ʻana a me ka palaki ʻana, ma hope o ka hoʻōla ʻana e holoi ʻia me ka wai, paʻakikī ke kaʻina hana, paʻakikī nā kūlana kaʻina, pono ka mālama ʻana. i loko o ka Sa2.5 a ʻoi aku paha, ma waho aʻe o ka mahana ambient, nā koi humidity, ʻo ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni maʻalahi i ka haki ʻana, peeling, a ua hoʻohana pinepine ʻia.

(2) soluble inorganic zinc-waiwai primer, ka primer ua hoʻokumu 'ia ma luna o ka ethyl orthosilicate, ka waiʻona e like me ka solvent, hapa hydrolyzed polymerization, hoʻohui i ka zinc pauka i hui pū ʻia me ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni.

(3) zinc-rich primer, he epoxy resin ma ke ʻano he kiʻiʻoniʻoni kumu kumu, hoʻohui i ka pauka zinc, hoʻōla e hana i kahi uhi. Epoxy zinc-waiwai primer 'aʻole wale maikaʻi anticorrosion waiwai, a me ka ikaika adhesion, a me ka aʻe ka uhi epoxy hao-ao pena he maikai adhesion 'ano. Hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka lewa maʻamau o ka hoʻolālā kila a me nā lako petrochemical corrosion.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka epoxy iron oxide ʻulaʻula i loko o nā kini o nā mea pena ʻelua, ka mea A (pena) i hana ʻia me ka epoxy resin, iron oxide ʻulaʻula a me nā mea antirust pigments toughening agent, anti-sinking agent, etc. ke kūkulu ʻana i ka hapa o ka waiho ʻana. ʻO ka hao hao ʻulaʻula ke ʻano o ka puaʻa anti-rust kino, kūpaʻa kona ʻano, mana uhi ikaika, nā ʻāpana maikaʻi, hiki ke pāʻani i ka hopena pale maikaʻi i ka kiʻi pena, he hana anti-rust maikaʻi. ʻO ka epoxy iron oxide ʻulaʻula primer ma ka pā kila a me ka papa luna o ka pena epoxy he adhesion maikaʻi, hoʻomaloʻo wikiwiki i ka lumi wela, ʻaʻole kahe koko ka papa luna o ka pena ʻili, ʻoi aku ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā paipu kila, nā pahu, nā papahana anticorrosion. , e like me ka rust primer.

4.2 papa waena o ka pena

ʻO ka pena papa waena he epoxy mica a me ka epoxy glass scale paint a i ʻole epoxy mānoanoa slurry pena. Hana ʻia ka pena epoxy mika me ka epoxy resin ma ke ʻano he kumu kumu ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka mica iron oxide, ʻo ka microstructure o ka mica iron oxide e like me ka flaky mica, kona mānoanoa he mau micrometers wale nō, a ʻo kona anawaena he ʻumi micrometers a i hoʻokahi haneli micrometers. ʻO ia ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa alkali, ka pale ʻana i ka waikawa, non-toxic, flake structure hiki ke pale i ke komo waena, hoʻonui i ka hana anti-corrosion, a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka ʻili o ka ʻili, he papa waena maikaʻi loa o ka pena anti-corrosion. ʻO ka pena unahi aniani epoxy he epoxy resin ma ke ʻano kumu, me ka unahi aniani flaky e like me ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, me nā ʻano mea hoʻohui like ʻole i haku ʻia me ka pena anticorrosion ʻano mānoanoa. ʻO 2 a 5 microns wale nō ka mānoanoa aniani. I ka hoʻonohonohoʻiaʻana o nā unahi i nā papa ma luna a ma lalo o ka uhiʻana, ua hoʻokumuʻia kahi hale pale kūikawā.

4.3 ka lole luna

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pena i hoʻohana ʻia no nā topcoats i ʻekolu mau māka e like me ko lākou kumukūʻai:

(1) Ordinary grade is epoxy pena, chlorinated rubber pena, chlorosulphonated polyethylene kona a pela aku;

(2) He pena polyurethane ka papa waena;

(3) ʻO ka papa kiʻekiʻe he silicone-modified polyurethane pena, silicone-modified acrylic top coat, fluorine pena a pēlā aku.

ʻO ka pena epoxy ma hope o ka hoʻōla kemika, kūpaʻa kemika, ka uhi paʻa, ka hoʻopili ikaika, nā waiwai mechanical kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa ia i ka waikawa, alkali, paʻakai, hiki ke pale aku i nā ʻano ʻano kino media.

5. ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka pena anticorrosive pono e noʻonoʻo i kekahi mau mea

5.1 Pono e noʻonoʻo i ke kūlike o nā kūlana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hale a me ka laulā o nā pena i koho ʻia, e pili ana i ka corrosive medium (type, temperature and concentration) gas phase a i ʻole ka wai, nā wahi wela a me nā wahi maloʻo a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. nā kūlana no ke koho ʻana. No ka mea ʻawaʻawa, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka pena phenolic resin me ke kūpaʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka waika, ʻoiai no ka medium alkaline, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka pena epoxy resin me ke kūpaʻa alkali maikaʻi.

5.2 E noʻonoʻo ʻia nā mea hiki ke kūkulu ʻia. He kūpono kekahi no ka palaki ʻana, kūpono kekahi no ka pulupulu ʻana, kūpono kekahi no ka maloʻo maoli e hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni a pēlā aku. No nā kūlana maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pena maloʻo, maʻalahi e pīpī i ke anuanu.

5.3 E noʻonoʻo i ka hoʻohālikelike pono ʻana o nā uhi. No ka mea, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka pena he mea colloidal organik ma ke ʻano he kumu, pena i kēlā me kēia papa o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, he nui nā microporous liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hiki ke komo i ka ʻili o ke kila. No laila, ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka pena i kēia manawa, akā i uhi ʻia i ka multi-layer, ʻo ke kumu e hōʻemi i ka microporous i ka liʻiliʻi. Pono e hoʻololi maikaʻi ma waena o ka primer a me ka topcoat. E like me ka pena vinyl chloride a me ka phosphating primer a i ʻole ka hao ʻulaʻula alkyd primer e kākoʻo ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hopena maikaʻi, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me ka ʻaila kumu mua (e like me ka pena ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻaila) e kākoʻo ana i ka hoʻohana. No ka mea, aia ka peʻa perchlorethylene i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ikaika, e hoʻopau i ke kiʻi mua.

He mea koʻikoʻi ka hana maikaʻi i ka antirust a me ka anticorrosion e hāpai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hale kūkulu kila, mālama i nā mea, hoʻonui i ke ola lawelawe o ka hale, hōʻoia i ka hana palekana a hōʻemi i ka pollution kaiapuni.