He aha nā ʻano like ʻole o nā mea pili kila?

ʻO nā mea hoʻohui he mau mea hoʻolālā i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā lālā like ʻole o ke kāʻei kila. ʻO ka Steel Structure ka hui ʻana o nā lālā like ʻole e like me "Beams, Columns" i hoʻopili ʻia i kekahi i kekahi, maʻamau i nā mea hoʻopaʻa hoʻopau lālā e hōʻike ai i kahi ʻāpana hui hoʻokahi.

Nā ʻāpana pili

• ʻO nā kīʻaha
• Weld
• Nā Papa Hoʻohui
• Hoʻohui ʻAle

Nā pilina ma nā hale kila

· Nā pilina pili

Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i nā alahaka, nā kaʻaahi, nā paila, nā mokulele, a i ʻole nā ​​hale nui e paʻa pū me kahi ʻano like me ke pihi? ʻAe, ua kapa ʻia kēlā pihi he Rivet. ʻO nā hui ʻo Riveted kahi ʻano mea hoʻopaʻa mīkini i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻohui i ʻelua a ʻoi aku mau ʻāpana mea. Aia lākou i kahi ʻano rivets, i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā lua o ka mea a laila deformed a i ʻole "hoʻonohonoho" i kahi e hana ai i kahi hui paʻa.

ʻO ka rivet kahi koʻokoʻo pōʻai i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻohui ʻana i ʻelua mau ʻāpana metala ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā hui i hana ʻia mai kēia mau kila māmā a ʻoi aku paha ka ikaika ma mua o nā hui welded a hāʻawi i ka hui wikiwiki.

Fig 1: Hoʻolālā o Rivet

Ma nā huaʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo kahi hui riveted he ʻano paʻa paʻa i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻohui i nā papa metala a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana kila i ʻōwili pū ʻia. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau hui i nā hale kila a i ʻole nā ​​​​hana hoʻolālā e like me nā alahaka, nā ʻūhā o ka hale, a me nā moku kaomi e like me nā pahu mālama a me nā paila.

· Nā Hoʻohui Paʻa

ʻO ka hui bolted i waena o nā hui wili maʻamau. ʻO lākou ke ala nui o ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ukana i nā ʻāpana mīkini. ʻO nā mea nui o ka hui bolted he mea hoʻopaʻa kaula a me ka nut e pale ai i ka wehe ʻana o ka bolt.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā hui bolted i ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻolālā mīkini e like me ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻāpana. Aia kēia ʻano ami me kahi mea hoʻopaʻa wili kāne, e like me ka bolt, a me ke kaula wili wahine e hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā ami hoʻopaʻapaʻa a me nā ʻāpana shear nā ʻano kumu ʻelua o nā hoʻolālā hui bolted. ʻOiai he mea maʻamau nā ʻano hoʻohui ʻē aʻe, me ka wili, riveting, adhesives, press fit, pins, a me nā kī, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā hui bolted e hoʻopili i nā mea a hana i nā hale mechanical. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo kahi hui bolted ka hui pū ʻana o kahi mea hoʻopaʻa a me kahi nut, me ka bolt lōʻihi a me ka nut he laʻana maʻamau.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hui paʻa ʻia he mau hui hoʻokaʻawale i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā ʻāpana mīkini ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kaula, ʻo ia hoʻi ka bolt a me ka nut. No ka mea ʻo kēia mau ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lālā no ka mālama ʻana, ka nānā ʻana, a me ka hoʻololi ʻana me ka ʻole o ka pōʻino i nā ʻāpana pākahi.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hui Bolted ma mua o nā hui paʻa e like me nā welds a me nā rivets, kahi mea e hōʻeha ai i nā ʻāpana ke wehe ʻia nā ʻāpana. Loaʻa nā noi i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ʻelua mau ʻāpana pono e wehe ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa.

ʻO nā ʻāpana bolted i hana mua ʻia i ʻelua ʻāpana. He hui ia o ka paʻa a me ka nut. Loaʻa iā ia kahi pahu lōʻihi me kahi nut ma luna. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pōleʻa i loko o ka lua i wili mua ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana, a laila hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka nut ma luna o ke kaula male o ka bolt. ʻO ka pilina paʻa ka huaʻōlelo hui no ka bolt a me ka nut.

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā kaula ma ka hana ʻana i kahi helical groove ma waho o kahi ʻāpana pōʻai a i ʻole puka. Loaʻa ka laulā o nā kaiapuni hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana no nā hui bolted. Aia nā ana maʻamau i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no kēia mau ʻano like ʻole. Hoʻomaopopo kēia i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā hui bolted no nā hōʻailona like ʻole.

Kiʻi 1: Kiʻi Hoʻohui Bolted

· Welded Connections

NA ANO O NA HANA WELDED

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano kumu o nā hui welded ma muli o ke ʻano o nā welds, kūlana o nā welds a me ke ʻano o ka hui.

1. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka weld

Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka weld, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā welds i ka weld fillet, weld groove (a i ʻole butt weld), weld plug, weld slot, weld spot etc. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano welds like ʻole ma ke Kiʻi 15.

1.1. Welds puʻu (butt welds)

Hāʻawi ʻia nā welds groove (butt welds) a me nā fillet welds i ka wā e laina laina ai nā lālā e hoʻohui ʻia. ʻOi aku ke kumu kūʻai o nā welds groove no ka mea e pono ai ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka lihi. Hiki ke hoʻohana pono ʻia nā welds groove i nā lālā pilikia nui. Hāʻawi ʻia nā kuʻekuʻe kīhāhā a hiki i ka mānoanoa pā o 8mm wale nō. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o nā weld butt ma ke Kiʻi 16.

1.2. ʻO nā wili kīʻaha

Hāʻawi ʻia nā welds fillet inā ʻelua mau lālā e hoʻohui ʻia i nā mokulele like ʻole. Ma muli o ka ulu pinepine ʻana o kēia kūlana, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā welds fillet ma mua o nā welds butt. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana i nā welds fillet no ka mea e pono ai ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka ʻili. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ikaika lākou e like me ka welds groove a hoʻoulu i ke koʻikoʻi. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā welds fillet i nā lālā i hoʻoluhi ʻia kahi e hoʻokele ai ka ʻoʻoleʻa ma mua o ka ikaika. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o nā weld fillet ma ke Kiʻi 17.

1.3. ʻO nā wili a me nā puʻupuʻu

Hoʻohana ʻia nā welds slot a me nā plug e hoʻohui i nā welds fillet kahi i hiki ʻole ke hoʻokō ʻia ka lōʻihi o ka weld fillet.

2. Ma muli o ke kūlana o ka weld

Ma muli o ke kūlana o ka weld, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā welds i ka weld flat, horizontal weld, vertical weld, overhead well etc.

Ma muli o ke ʻano o nā hono

Ma muli o ke ʻano o nā hono, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā welds i nā hui welded butt, nā hui wili lap, nā hui welded tee a me nā hui welded kihi.

· Hoʻohui ʻia-welded